During this period, regional planning solidified a shift toward integrated frameworks that weigh economic, social, and environmental criteria in regional decision-making, moving beyond single-objective judgments. The region is treated as the organizing unit for investment and governance, with emphasis on territory, functional roles, and the balance of centralized directives with local participation. Methodologically, multi-criteria decision analysis, spatial policy evaluation, and dialectical planning approaches became standard tools, guiding local development, infrastructure investment, and migration dynamics.